Global Oxygen And Carbon Cycles Essay Example for Free

Global Oxygen And Carbon Cycles Essay The global carbon cycle involves the generation of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the processing of oxygen (O2) during the process of metabolism. The chemical reaction involved in this process is depicted below: C6H12O6 + 6O2 ? 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP) For each molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) and six molecules of oxygen (O2), six molecules of carbon dioxide and six molecules of water (H2O) are created. This reaction also involves the creation of energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which is the unit of measurement for energy in biological organisms. The oxygen cycle, on the other hand, is almost the same as the carbon cycle yet it follows the opposite direction, as depicted in the chemical reaction below: 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy C6H12O6 + 6O2 The oxygen and carbon cycles are thus related because each of these biogeochemical cycles requires the presence of the other molecule. In the case of the global oxygen cycle, enough carbon dioxide should be available in order for plants to continuously perform photosynthesis that will generate simple sugars such as glucose and the essential atmospheric gas oxygen (Cloud and Gibor, 1970). As for the case of the carbon cycle, it is also necessary the ample oxygen gas be present at all times, which in turns originates from the oxygen cycle, in order for this cycle to proceed. Should there be a situation wherein carbon dioxide or oxygen is insufficient in the atmosphere, the other biogeochemical cycle is affected and may possibly be prevented from completing the reaction. Reference Cloud P and Gibor A (1970): The oxygen cycle. Scientific American 122:110-123.

I never finished anything :: essays research papers

I never finished anything in my life. To date, I have projects that I started and never finished. Nothing in my life had ever struck a cord in my mind so fiercely I was compassionate enough to drive myself to the brink of insanity to accomplish it. I guess I just want fulfillment, but I only feel a void big enough to fit in Crater Lake. I always wanted to play an instrument. In 7th grade I got a chance to. I started playing the Viola. I was instantly great at it. I practiced and practiced my heart out. I even achieved a superior on a solo I performed at a Solo and Ensemble competition. It started to bore me. Then I quit. Do I regret it? Yes, but I can’t go back. It’s just another useless skill I have. In 6th grade, I wanted to be an actress. I studied drama for 3 years in middle school. Many nights I stayed up practicing and racking my brain to the point of a headache trying to memorize line after line. I was in a couple of plays, and even scored a superior in a Junior Thespian Competition for Ensemble acting. I still have the pin I received. I also directed my 8th grade drama class’ play called Break. I haven’t performed since. Again in middle school, I took a dance class. I wanted to become a dancer very much. I learned ballet, hip-hop, jazz, and many other types. I didn’t have much skill in that area. I wasn’t as near as talented as the other girls, and the occasional guy. I quit after a year. I don’t have any regrets in that area, none what so ever. In 8th grade, I was going to participate in the school wide science fair, but that never happened. I had an interesting topic; â€Å"Do your fingerprints tell what hair color you have?† I bought all the supplies, and had the backing of my science teacher Mr. Van Brunt. I never completed it. I wish I did. I took golf lessons about year ago. I didn’t show much promise though, Paid 100$ for them too. Due to recent happenings, I grew into a deep depression at the time. Out of 8 weeks, I only completed 5 or 6. Now I prefer online golf, it’s not as frustrating. This year, I was on the color guard team: the Titanettes.

Ap Government Chapter 15 Study Guide

1. Why was the bill of rights added to the constitution? a. The framers thought a bill of rights was not necessary because the constitution spelled out the extent of the feds power. Blah blah blah (now at the top of page 487) In 1791 the states ratified 10 amendments and the nation had a bill of rights. The BOR imposed limits on the national gov but not on state gov. b. So†¦ all in all I’m really not sure what the exact answer is. Sorry bro 2. Difference between civil liberties and civil rights c. Civil liberties (sometimes referred to as â€Å"negative rights†) are freedoms that are guaranteed to an individual.These are restraints on the gov. Civil liberties declare what the government cannot do. d. Civil rights (â€Å"positive rights†) are powers and privileges that are guaranteed to the individual and protected against arbitrary removal at the hands of the gov or individuals. Like the right to vote or free expression and stuff. 3. The First Amendment guar antees freedom of religion in two clauses: e. The establishment clause- this prohibits laws establishing religion. f. Free exercise clause- which prevents the government from interfering with the exercise of religion. g.Together, these ensure that the government can neither promote nor inhibit religious beliefs or practices. 4. Know where phrase â€Å"Wall of separation between church and state† appears and comes from h. In 1879, the Supreme Court contended, quoting Thomas Jefferson, that the establishment clause erected â€Å"a wall of separation between church and State. † 5. Lemon v. Kurtzman bottom of 490-491: in 1971, the court struck down a state program that would have helped pay the salaries of teachers hired by parochial (parochial means of or relating to a church or parish) schools to give instruction in secular subjects. . The justices proposed a 3 prong test for determining the constitutionality of gov. programs and laws under the establishment clause: i. T he must have a secular purpose ii. Their primary effect must not be to advance or inhibit religion iii. They must not entangle the government excessively with religion. j. The program in Lemon v Kurtzman did not satisfy the last prong of the test. The government would have had to constantly monitory the program which would have cause and excessive entanglement with religion. 6.Engel v Vitale (bottom on 493) in 1962 the court struck down the daily reading of a 22 word nondenominational prayer in New York’s public schools. Justices stated that official state approval of prayer was an unconstitutional attempt on the part of the state to establish a religion. This decision drew a storm of protest that has yet to subside. k. In class I wrote down that he told us we needed to know the difference between freedom of beliefs and freedom of practice but I really don’t see how that has anything to do with this court case.. like whateverrrr coach sybert. l.He also said to note the â€Å"Certain things you can’t do and hide behind religion. The one we talked about in class was the guy with the snakes† So I’m clueless yet again. 7. Strict scrutiny- A neutral law that burdens the free exercise of religion is subject to strict scrutiny. This means that the law may be upheld only if the government can demonstrate that: m. The law is justified by a â€Å"compelling governmental interest† n. The law is narrowly tailored to achieve a legitimate goal o. The law in question is the least restrictive means for achieving that interest p.That was on page 496 and you may need to read the paragraph to understand the definition in context 8. Scheneck v U. S. (pg 498)- Charles Scheneck and his fellow defendents were convicted for attempting to disrupt WWI military recruitment by distributing leaflets claiming that conscription (conscription is enlistment for state service, typically the military) was unconstitutional. The gov believed that this beh avior threatened public order. q. There’s supposed to be a famous quote we get out of this case but the quote is a whole big paragraph. Here is an excerpt from the quote: iv. The question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such nature to create a clear and present danger that will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent† v. That’s known as the clear and present danger test. Duh. r. Because the actions of the defendants were deemed to create a clear and present danger to the US at that time, the Supreme court upheld their convictions. 9. Tinker v Des Moine Independent County School District (pg 500)- involved 3 public school students who wore a black armbands to protest the Vietnam War.Principles in their school district had prohibited the wearing of armbands on the ground that such conduct would provoke a disturbance; the district suspended the students but the Supreme Court overturned the suspensions. s. Justices declared for the majority that the principals had failed to show that the forbidden conduct would substansially interfere with appropriate school discipline. t. â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦fear or apprehension of disturbance is not enough to overcome the right to freedom of expression. † 10.Chaplinsky v New Hampshire (500)- In 1942 Walter Chaplinksy, a Jehovah’s Witness, convicted under a state statute for calling a city marshal a â€Å"God-damned racketeer† and â€Å"a damned fascist† in a public place, appealed to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court upheld Chaplinksy’s conviction on the theory that fighting words do not convey ideas and thus are not subject to first amendment protection. u. Fighting words- words that inflict injury or tend to incite an immediate breach of the peace. v. To dumb it down- he was found guilty because the things he said were not protected by the first amendment. 1. Reno v ACLU (501)- the supreme court upheld the lower court’s ruling in June 1997 by unamimously deciding a broad affirmation of free speech rights in cyberspace, arguing that the Internet was more analogous (analogous means comparable) to print media than to television, and thus even indecent material on the internet was entitled to First Amendment protection. 12. New York Times v Sullivan (502)- First off you need to know that libel is the written defamation of character. A person who believes their name and character have been harmed can sue.In this case, the supreme court declared that freedom of the press takes precedence—at least when the defamed individual is a public official. w. The court agreed that the first amendment protects the publication of all statements about the conduct of public officials, except statements made with actual malice. x. Actual malice- with knowledge that they are false or in reckless disregard for their truth or falsity. y. 3 years later, the court extended this pr otection to apply to all public figures, not just government officials. 13. New York Times v United States pg 504- z.Prior restraint case dealing with the pentagon papers {. Supreme court doesn’t believe in prior restraint although you can be punished after the fact. And in order for the supreme court to prevent publication they have to have a really good reason- have to prove immediate, inevitable, and irreparable harm following the publication of the documents. |. First amendment offers protection against government censorship 14. Case in Louisville, Kentucky- a reporter who had researched and written an article about drug related activities was called on by a grand jury to identify people he had seen in possession of the drugs.The reporter refused to testify, saying that freedom of the press shielded him from this inquiry. }. In a closely divided decision, the supreme court rejected his position stating that no exception is permissible to the rule that all citizens have a duty to give their government whatever testimony they are capable of giving. ~. He had to give up the information and some of his freedom to maintain order 15. Bong hits for Jesus. Pg 505- supreme court upheld the suspension of the boy who held up the sign at an outside school event. School officials may prohibit speech if it could be interpreted as promoting an illegal drug use. 6. The 2nd amendment states â€Å"A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. . If you are a gun control advocate- you focus on the first part and your argument is that everyday citizens are not part of a militia. . If you are NOT a gun control advocate- you focus on the second part that your right to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. 17. D. C. vs Heller- (federal level)- was a challenge to the strictest gun control statute in the country. It barred private possession of handguns and required tri gger locks and stuff.The court ruled in a 5-4 decision that it is a constitutional right to keep a loaded handgun at home for self defense. 18. McDonald v Chicago– (state level)- this case had the same ruling as the first one except this one was on a state level. 19. Bill of attainder- a law that pronounces an individual guilty of a crime without a trial. 20. Most freedoms protected in the BOR today function as limitations on the states. The changes have been achieved through the supreme court’s interpretation of the due process clause of the 14th amendment: .Due process clause-â€Å"nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without the due process of law. † This clause has 2 central meanings: vi. It requires the government to adhere to appropriate procedures. vii. It forbids unreasonable government action. . Under this clause you have a trial by jury available to you, if you can’t afford a lawyer they’ll provide you wit h one, etc. Not all states have the same number of jurors. Supreme court says minimum of 6. 21. Gideon vs Wainwright- pg 511 case made due process applicable to the states. The state must provide you with a lawyer if you cannot afford one. 2. Miranda Warnings-protects against self incrimination. comes from Miranda v Arizona 23. Exclusionary rule- Something discovered as the result of an illegal search cannot be used in trial. Mapp vs us on 512 24. The exception is the good faith clause- U. S. vs Leon. Pg 513? 25. Griswald v Conneticut- 517 personal autonomy. Could the state outlaw birth control. Zone of privacy that exists because of the 1st, 3rd, 4th, and 5th amendment. . Birth control is a personal choice. 26. Rowe vs. Wade- extension of Gridwald. You should have choice on child bearing. Blah blah blah. Struck down abortion laws.Due process clause 2 FREE RESPONSE. ANSWER BOTH 1. First amendment and the freedom of speech. Freedom of speech is not absolute. Explain (or give 2 exampl es of) 2 limits on speech and the related cases a. Fighting words- Chaplinsky b. Idk 2. Similar concept. Rules against illegal search and seizure and self incrimination protect your right to a due process. c. One rule regarding illegal search and seizure, and the case. Explain how that protects your due process d. One rule regarding self incrimination and the related case and explain how that protects your right to due process of law.

Essay on The Sun Also Rises Pride and Prejudice

In The novel The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway, Men are portrayed to be good loving beings who only want to be loved in turn and that women use men for their own gain, enjoyment, and pleasure, but in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, Women are portrayed to be good beings who want to love and be loved, and men are the horrid ones who use women for their own pleasure and gain. Hemingway shows in his novel, men are true in their love by example of Jake’s love for Brett, and that women are horrid through Brett who only has flings with men and then leaves. While Austen shows women truly love through Jane and Elizabeth, and that men are horrid through Darcy and Bingley. Each author has a completely different view as to what love is, and†¦show more content†¦This is another example of Austen’s men being cruel while her women are good, kind, innocent women looking to be loved. On the other side of the coin to Austen’s horrible men and just women is Hemingway’s The Sun Also rises, where Jake pours his heart out to Brett and gives her anything she wants and yet he isnt good enough. Brett even tells Jake that they can’t live together because â€Å"I’d just tromper you with everybody. You couldnt stand it. Showing that no matter what Jake does for Brett, no matter how much he cares, she doesnt. Brett is the â€Å"bad women† in the novel because she has various men in her life through out the novel, and yet whenever she needs help she runs back to Jake, for help. Jake even believes that because Brett doesnt love him back that all women are only good for friends. â€Å"Women made such swell friends. Awfully swell. In the first place, you had to be in love with a woman to have a basis of friendship. I had been having Brett for a friend. I had not been thinking about her side of it. I had been getting something for nothing. Tha t only delayed the presentation of the bill. The bill always came. That was one of the swell things you could count on.† Hemingway is also giving that because men love more than women they always come out paying with there pain, and hearts broken, but women do not pay. This again makes women horrible seductresses. Another man that Brett uses in Hemingway’s novel is Mike. Whom believes thatShow MoreRelated Success of a Family: Aspirations Motives of the Younger Family in Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun1553 Words   |  7 PagesLorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun revolves around a short but difficult period in the lives of the Younger family. Each family member has dreams of a higher quality of life; free from the pressures of poverty and the literal confines of an outgrown and decrepit apartment. Ultimately, the ambitions of each Younger are inspired by dreams of a better life for the family as a whole. Though each Younger approaches this g oal differently, they each desire to rise above their current position in theRead More Walter Lee Younger in Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin In The Sun1053 Words   |  5 PagesWalter Lee Younger in Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin In The Sun No matter how hard they try, there are some people who cannot get ahead in life. Walter Lee Younger is a man who is frustrated with his current position in life, and every disappointment he has encountered thus far. Although he tries to be a loving man, sometimes he does not know how to show the idea of love, Sometimes...sometimes...I dont even know how to try (Hansberry 89). His position in life can be regarded as symbolic ofRead MoreAnalysis Of `` Still I Rise, And Welty s `` A Worn Path ``1149 Words   |  5 Pagesonly their rejection of institutionalized racism and slavery but also their desire for equality and freedom. African-American literature continues to be a method in countering the incompetence or misrepresentation of black people in history. Two prominent female writers during this era were Maya Angelou and Eudora Welty. Angelou was a civil rights activist and educator and expressed her emotions in her works. Her poem, â€Å"Still I Rise,† was written to describe her willingness to overcome oppressionRead MoreStill I Rise By Sandra Cookson1124 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Still I Rise† is Maya Angelou, a well-known poet, author, and civil rights activist. This poem is about a poet who struggles to meet the social pressure and injustices of her time. Her poetry thus concentrates on two kinds of oppression – both racial oppression, and sexism. Amidst the challenges and adversities, she managed to survive and successfully claims that she will not be broken nor will she be defeated no matter how many times she is brought down by society. In this poem â€Å"Still I Rise†, I willRead More Struggling Dreams Essay921 Words   |  4 Pagesstreet life, poverty, prejudice, hunger, hopelessness. Hughesâ €™s poem a â€Å"Dream Deferred† was published in 1951. The poem speculated about the consequences of white’s society’s withholding of equal opportunity. The title of Lorraine Hansberry’s play A Raison in the Sun was taken directly from Hughes’s poem. Hansberry’s parents were intellectuals and activists, and her father won an antisegregation case before the Illinois Supreme Court, upon which the events in A Raison in the Sun were loosely based.Read MoreCharacters in Raisin in the Sun Essay876 Words   |  4 PagesCharacters in Raisin in the Sun The characters in Lorraine Hansberry^s play are very significant in understanding the play. The characters are examples of they way Lorraine lived day by day her live when she was a kid. The success of the play was brought out by the characters and her way of keeping our interest with each one of them. They characters are very critical in understanding the play. There were four main characters that made the play a sellout, Lena, Ruth, Beneatha and WalterRead MoreLorraine Hansberry1192 Words   |  5 PagesLorraine Hansberrys A Raisin in the Sun The characters in Lorraine Hansberrys play are very significant in understanding the play. The characters are examples of they way Lorraine lived day by day her live when she was a kid. The success of the play was brought out by the characters and her way of keeping our interest with each one of them. They characters are very critical in understanding the play. There were four main characters that made the play a sellout, Lena, Ruth, Beneatha and WalterRead MoreStill I Rise By Maya Angelou Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesJulie A. McGuire ENGL102 Anne V. Powell June 23, 2015 Still I Rise Maya Angelou’s poem, â€Å"Still I Rise† shows a repetition of strength stanza after stanza. African Americans were faced with the challenges of oppression and slavery. African American women not only as a minority of African American race, but as a female, were faced with all those challenges, along with woman’s rights. It took 55 years after the abolishment of slavery for females to finally have the right to vote, under the 19th amendmentRead MoreMaya Angelous the Graduation1596 Words   |  7 Pagesenabled her to graduate from the views of a child to the more experienced and sometimes disenchanting views of an adult. Upon reading the story there is an initial feeling of excitement and hope which was quickly tarnished with the awareness of human prejudices. The author vividly illustrates many mood changes she undergoes throughout the story. From the outset of the story there is an overwhelming sense of hope that has enveloped the entire community and school with the upcoming graduation. EveryoneRead More Life Lessons in Maya Angelous Graduation Essay1709 Words   |  7 Pagesto graduate from the views of a child to the more experienced and sometimes disenchanting views of an adult. Upon reading the story there is an initial feeling of excitement and hope which was quickly tarnished with the abrupt awareness of human prejudices. The author vividly illustrates a rainbow of significant mood changes she undergoes throughout the story. From the outset of the story there is an overwhelming sense of hope that has enveloped the entire community and school with the upcoming